Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Manajemen Pendidikan: Analisis Tematik Peluang, Risiko, dan Tata Kelola
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61253/jcgcs.v5i2.1168Kata Kunci:
Kecerdasan Buatan, Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, Manajemen Pendidikan, Tata Kelola Algiritmik, Tinjauan SistematisAbstrak
Kecerdasan buatan (AI) semakin memediasi pengambilan keputusan di organisasi pendidikan, namun implikasinya bagi manajemen, administrasi, kepemimpinan, dan tata kelola belum tersintesis secara merata. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini memetakan dan mensintesis bukti yang terbit antara 1 Januari 2015 dan 17 Agustus 2026. Korpus sebanyak 8.673 rekaman unik dihimpun dari enam penerbit dan indeks Lens; 5.018 di antaranya cocok dengan daftar sumber SCImago 2025 pada tingkat jurnal, dan 182 rekaman terkait AI diidentifikasi melalui filter judul dan abstrak. Penyaringan meneruskan 85 studi ke sintesis, dengan 61 dianalisis melalui teks penuh dan 24 melalui abstrak. Analisis tematik atas 211 segmen terkode menghasilkan enam tema, yaitu otomatisasi administrasi dan efisiensi operasional; dukungan keputusan berbasis data; kepemimpinan, agensi manusia-mesin, dan transformasi organisasi; tata kelola etis, privasi, dan akuntabilitas; kesiapan, literasi, serta kapasitas pemimpin; dan personalisasi dengan dukungan peserta didik. Bukti terkonsentrasi pada 2025 dan 2026, didominasi afiliasi penulis pertama dari Tiongkok, Amerika Serikat, dan Turki, serta bertumpu pada tinjauan, survei, dan kerangka konseptual alih-alih desain kausal. Klaim manfaat berpusat pada efisiensi, sedangkan risiko mengelompok pada bias algoritmik, keputusan yang tidak transparan, privasi data, dan tergerusnya agensi manusia. Kami berargumen bahwa adopsi yang bertanggung jawab menuntut kerangka akuntabilitas, hak menggugat, dan literasi tata kelola, serta menawarkan agenda kontekstual bagi Indonesia dan Dunia Selatan.
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