The Role of Grandmothers in Child-Raising in the Era of Urbanization: Transformation of Traditional Family Values in Medan City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61253/jcgcs.v5i1.558Kata Kunci:
Children, Family, Grandmothers, Medan, UrbanizationAbstrak
Urbanization in Medan, a metropolitan city, has brought significant changes to family structure and function, particularly in childcare practices. The increasing involvement of grandmothers as primary caregivers represents a family adaptation to economic pressures and the limited time of working parents (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2023; UN-Habitat, 2020). This study aims to analyze the transformation of grandmothers' roles in childcare and their implications for changes in traditional family values. The study used a qualitative approach using literature review methods. The results indicate that grandmothers have shifted from symbolic figures to strategic actors in childcare, as well as agents of cultural value transmission (Chen et al., 2011; Bengtson, 2001). Furthermore, intergenerational value negotiations have resulted in hybrid forms of family values.Referensi
Assingkily, M. S., & Putri, N. (2022). Gender Education Concept for Elementary Age Children. Journal of Contemporary Gender and Child Studies, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.61253/jcgcs.v1i1.53.
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2024). Indonesian Statistics 2024. Central Statistics Agency. https://www.bps.go.id
Bengtson, V. L. (2001). Beyond the nuclear family: The increasing importance of multigenerational bonds. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00001.x
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachments (2nd ed.). Basic Books.
Chen, F., Liu, G., & Mair, C. A. (2011). Intergenerational ties in context: Grandparents caring for grandchildren in China. Social Forces, 90(2), 571–594. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sor012
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Geertz, C. (1983). Local knowledge: Further essays in interpretive anthropology. Basic Books.
Goodman, C. C., & Silverstein, M. (2002). Grandmothers raising grandchildren: Family structure and well-being in culturally diverse families. The Gerontologist, 42(5), 676–689. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/42.5.676
Giddens, A. (2001). Sociology (4th ed.). Polity Press.
Goode, W. J. (1963). World revolution and family patterns. Free Press.
Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19–51. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657288
Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Minkler, M., & Fuller-Thomson, E. (2005). African American grandparents raising grandchildren: A national study using the census 2000 American community survey. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(2), S82–S92. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.2.S82
Sari, D. P. (2018). The role of grandmothers in childcare in working families. Indonesian Journal of Sociology, 24(2), 145–160.
Sear, R., & Mace, R. (2008). Who keeps children alive? A review of the effects of kin on child survival. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.10.001
Silverstein, M., & Bengtson, V. L. (1997). Intergenerational solidarity and the structure of adult child-parent relationships. American Journal of Sociology, 103(2), 429–460. https://doi.org/10.1086/231213
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2015). Economic development (12th ed.). Pearson Education.
UN-Habitat. (2020). World cities report 2020: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
Zed, M. (2014). Library research methods. Indonesian Obor Foundation.
