Islamic Discourse and Gender Inequality in Colonial Java: A Feminist Reading of Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Gadis Pantai
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61253/jcgcs.v4i3.439Kata Kunci:
Gender Inequality, Indonesian Literature, Javanese Islam, Patriarchal Discourse, Postcolonial feminismAbstrak
Penelitian ini membahas representasi gender, kekuasaan, dan nilai-nilai Islam Jawa dalam novel Gadis Pantai karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1987). Permasalahan utama penelitian ini terletak pada bagaimana agama, khususnya Islam, digunakan bukan hanya sebagai latar spiritual, tetapi juga sebagai perangkat ideologis yang menopang struktur sosial dan patriarki dalam masyarakat Jawa pesisir awal abad ke-20. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguraikan relasi antara agama, kelas sosial, dan gender melalui analisis tokoh-tokoh utama, terutama Bendoro sebagai priyayi dan guru agama serta Gadis Pantai sebagai representasi perempuan wong cilik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif analisis dengan pendekatan sejarah dan analisis teks sastra melalui studi pustaka terhadap novel Gadis Pantai serta beberapa referensi pendukung dari buku dan artikel jurnal akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pramoedya menghadirkan Islam Jawa sebagai medan wacana sosial yang ambivalen, di satu sisi mengandung nilai moral dan spiritual, namun di sisi lain digunakan untuk melegitimasi kekuasaan patriarkal dan ketimpangan sosial dalam masyarakat tradisional.
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